06/02/2023
This summer myth is bound to re-circulate, so I'm here to offer some reassurance: “Dry drowning” is not a real thing. 🚫
"Dry, wet, near, passive, delayed, and secondary” drownings are not true medical diagnoses. In fact, we should avoid this terminology altogether. These terms have been conjured up over time, often described in the media as fatal vocal cord spasm, delayed lung swelling, etc. 🎥
Let me be clear. Drowning is a real threat and a major cause of death among pediatric patients, especially those under the age of 4 years. 👶 However, media reports of children dying unexpectedly several DAYS after they had been swimming – with apparently no reported symptoms leading up to their death at all – are not valid. A child will not look perfectly fine for days on end followed by rapid deterioration and death.
With that being said, there HAVE been children that showed "minimal symptoms" shortly after swimming (such as persistent cough or mild breathing troubles) who ended up getting very sick roughly 4-6 hours later. The proper term for this is "nonfatal drowning." 😢 Therefore, we recommend that any child who is persistently coughing, sputtering, or having any difficulties breathing following a water-related event (e.g. submersion of head or face under water) should seek out medical care right away.
Good rule of thumb: If your child’s symptoms seem WORSE than when a drink goes "down the wrong pipe" (we have all experienced this), then it is worth a trip to an emergent pediatric care center where they can be closely watched. Usually these kids can be observed for 4-8 hours and be released home that same day if they are acting perfectly normal. ⏳ If symptoms persist greater than 8 hours or so, they will likely require admission for nonfatal drowning.
To summarize: Parents should bring their child in whenever they are pulled from a water-related event followed by excessive coughing or any level of confusion, abnormal breathing, or acting strangely after coming out of the water. If they are acting 100% normal upon exiting the water, there is no need for concern.
Lastly, let's avoid the goofy terminology. "A drowning or submersion event is described either as fatal or nonfatal with or without morbidity. Older terms such as near, dry, wet, active, passive, secondary, or delayed drowning are no longer used when describing submersions."
Feel free to pass this info along. Stay safe out there!
Primary source:
McCallin TE, Morgan M, Hart MLI, Yusuf S. Epidemiology, prevention, and sequelae of drowning. Pediatr Rev. 2021;42(3):123-132. doi:10.1542/pir.2019-0150