01/15/2026
THE REMARKABLE LONGEVITY OF THE GREENLAND SHARK
The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) stands out as the longest‑living vertebrate known to science, with an estimated lifespan ranging from 250 to 500 years. Radiocarbon dating of eye lens proteins suggests that some individuals may reach ages close to 400 years, and possibly even approach the upper limit of five centuries.
This exceptional longevity is linked to several biological traits:
Extremely slow metabolism, driven by the frigid temperatures of Arctic and North Atlantic waters
Very slow growth rates, often less than one centimeter per year
Low activity levels, which reduce energy expenditure and cellular stress
Together, these factors allow the Greenland shark to persist for centuries in deep, cold marine environments, making it one of the most extraordinary examples of vertebrate aging in the natural world.