05/21/2023
Kenpo, Kempo and Chuan Fa...
So in the US and other western countries there are all kinds of Kenpo. There is Tracy Kenpo, Cerio Kenpo and a dozen others styles that were the inspiration of Parkerâs original black belts. Of course when most people think of Kenpo, they think of Ed Parkers Kenpo style. And in 1963 he christened his ever-evolving concept art Chinese Kenpo Karate. Of course there was some redundancy in that name.
So while Ed Parker clearly possessed a Japanese â English dictionary, he clearly wasnât a native speaker because if he was heâd have known Ken Po is the Japanese reading of the Chinese characters âChuan Faâ which mean roughly âfist methodâ but are usually an equivalent translation for âboxingâ and especially boxing with a Chinese connotation. So what he literally expressed was âChinese Chinese Boxing Empty Hand.â
To compound this usage error he chose an alternate translation for Ken Po as âLaw of the Fist.â So in his mind he had expressed Chinese âLaw of the Fistâ Karate, which sounds impressive in English, but very, very awkward in Japanese. Itâs a bit like me declaring my Karate Do style to literally mean âStreets of Karateâ because it was founded on the âmean streets of Japanâ or some ridiculousness. And while it sounds impressive in English, it mostly demonstrates a lack of understanding of the Japanese words you are attempting to use.
So what about those other Kenpoâs, and especially Kempo? Well the first problem is Kenpo and Kempo are exactly the same character in Chinese / Japanese with identical readings in both languages and it is nothing more than a romanization of the same word that has altered over time. If you find a World War II vintage map you might discover that the capital of Japan is Tokio. Thatâs not a typo, that is how we used to render the word in English and it was standardized. So Tokio and Tokyo and the exact same word referring to exactly the same place and the only difference exists in how we express it in English. And so it is for Kenpo / Kempo, but of course in the west the distinction has many connotations.
Usually when you see Kempo people are talking about Shorinji Ryu Kempo Karate and in English they use an âMâ to differentiate themselves from all those other Kenpo styles. But if you know a little bit about Japanese you know âShorinâ is Japanese for Shaolin, âJiâ is Japanese for âtempleâ, âRyuâ means âschool or styleâ, we remember that Kenpo/Kempo means âFist Methodâ and âKarateâ means âEmpty Hand.â So when correctly expressed in English it becomes Shaolin Temple School/Style Fist Method (or Chinese Boxing) Empty Hand. But as a post war invention of a Japanese martial artist who wanted to give his new method a Chinese connotation he felt he needed that grand sounding name.
And knowing that, you now know âShorin Ryuâ means âShaolin Styleâ, of which there are many and since it already comes with a Chinese connotation there is no need to combine it with âKen Poâ which is just another older word the Okinawanâs and Japanese used to name their martial arts, especially those with a Chinese origin. When they werenât calling things Kenpo they often used To Di or To Te, which meant âChina Handâ or âChinese Boxing.â You would also encounter Shuri Te, Naha Te and Tomari Te if they were attributing boxing styles to various villages in Okinawa. And in China, where most of it came from to be practiced as an orthodox method in Okinawan or incorporated with indigenous methods it was called âChuan Faâ which was the Chinese expression of the characters found in âKen Po.â
But then the Chinese had a civil war which ended in 1949 and that changed how everyone referred to their martial arts. If you were in Hong Kong most styles were still referred to as âChuan Faâ methods. But if you were in Taiwan, which considered itself the true Republic of China, they generally called martial arts Kuo Shu which means âNational Artâ and ironically the most correct term for martial art in Chinese is Wu Shu (literally âmilitary / martial artâ) is now synonymous with the Gymnastic Demonstration Sport that is the communist approved version of classical martial arts.
While we are at it, Kung Fu has no meaning specifically related to martial arts, it means a âMan of extreme skill or expertiseâ and that can be a painter. Many arts express themselves at levels the Chinese would call âKung Fuâ but that is what we were calling things in the early 1970s so even in Hong Kong schools realized if they wanted to attracts students who came from America, they had to put the words âKung Fuâ outside even if it didnât really make a lot of sense to the people of Hong Kong.
We have a tendency to misapply or misuse the words of other countries and then force them to adopt or at least tolerate our poor usage. A simple example is âBo staffâ, well you just said âStick Stickâ but you used two different languages to say exactly the same thing. Correctly it is either a âboâ or itâs a âstaffâ depending upon what language you wish to engage in. While we are on the subject âkarate weaponsâ is another excellent western misnomer. Given that the modern translation of âkara teâ means âempty handâ you have just said âEmpty Hand Weapons.â Unfortunately Fumio Demura wrote a book called âNunchaku: Karate Weapon of Self Defenseâ and while the literal rendering is contradictory almost nobody in this country understood that and it became standard usage like everything else.
So understand âKenpoâ is just another term of classification like Karate, Bugei, Bujutsu and about a dozen other words that by themselves mean nothing terribly specific just as Jui Jitsu, Ju Jitsu and Ju Jutsu are exactly the same thing but rendered in English in different ways over time and that there are many schools and styles of the âgentle methodâ or âgentle technique.â