11/02/2022
The BDNF gene provides instructions for making a protein found in the brain and spinal cord called brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This protein promotes the survival of nerve cells (neurons) by playing a role in the growth, maturation (differentiation), and maintenance of these cells. In the brain, the BDNF protein is active at the connections between nerve cells (synapses), where cell-to-cell communication occurs. The synapses can change and adapt over time in response to experience, a characteristic called synaptic plasticity. The BDNF protein helps regulate synaptic plasticity, which is important for learning and memory.
BDNF is considered the most susceptible to regulation by exercise of any of the neurotrophic factors [26]. Physical exercise has been consistently shown to increase levels of BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the hypothalamus, striatum and other cortical areas [27]. Further, the increases in serum BDNF levels following exercise have been shown to be intensity-dependent. Ferris et al. showed that exercising at an intensity of 10% above, compared to 20% below ventilatory threshold yielded a larger increase in BDNF levels and cognitive function [28].
Further, shorter bouts of high intensity interval exercise have been shown to elevate BDNF levels above those following intense continuous exercise in healthy subjects [29]. The increased skeletal muscle contractions during HIIT exercise may help to explain the intensity-dependent BDNF elevation observed in this study. It has been proposed that BDNF levels rise in response to skeletal muscle contractions that stimulate the secretion of several muscle gene-products, including FNDC5, a positive regulator of BDNF level in the brain [30].
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