08/12/2026
Swim Instructor Tip #010: How to Stop Overpulling in Breaststroke
Breaststroke is arguably both the hardest stroke to teach and the hardest stroke to learnâand overpulling is one of the most common mistakes we see.
In this video, youâll see me helping my student, Kashton, correct overpulling.
One important clarification: this is NOT Kashtonâs first lesson in breaststroke. So, while it may appear that he magically fixes his pull during this particular swim, that would be misleading. This is simply the first time he performs the pull correctly.
So, how did we get here?
First, at Swim Lessons University, we train our instructors using specific teaching language, proven teaching cues, and principles of motor learning, including concepts described in the Fitts and Posner model.
Fitts and Posner identified three stages of motor learningâthe cognitive, associative, and autonomous stagesâwhich help us understand how learners progress as they develop a new skill. Their work also addresses the role of feedback as learners develop and refine motor skills.
One important concept we apply in our teaching is keeping our feedback congruent with our instruction and teaching cues.
For example, I can see that Kashton is swimming with fists. However, I intentionally avoid giving him feedback about that error at this moment.
Why?
Because it is important to keep his attention on the âbig thingââthe specific part we are currently working on. In this case, that is keeping the hands in front. If I start correcting every error I see, I risk distracting him from the primary skill we are trying to develop.
Second, at Swim Lessons University, we train our instructors to apply proven pedagogy principles. Because breaststroke is a complex skill, we use an approach called the Part-Whole Approach.
Simply put, we teach one part of the stroke at a time before putting all of the parts together.
To be clear, we break down the major components of breaststroke during every lesson, but we also try to put the whole stroke together during every lesson, whether it looks like a legal breaststroke that day or not.
That matters.
Students need opportunities to practice the complete movement pattern while they are learning each individual component.
And finally, there is one lesson we emphasize with both our swim instructors and the parents we work with:
Learning to swim is a processânot an event.
Celebrate the smallest achievements.
Keep the environment positive.
And most of allâbe patient.
Patience, combined with confidence in how and what you are teaching, is absolutely one of the most important characteristics of an effective swim instructor.
If you want to learn our step-by-step approach for teaching breaststroke and butterfly, check out our Advanced Swim Strokes 300-Level Courses (301, 302 & 303) and get started today:
https://swimlessonsuniversity.com/advanced-swim-strokes-301-302-303-course/
Train Online Today. Teach Tomorrow.