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The relationships between acute changes in markers of bone formation and resorption in response to LEA and long-term bon...
11/02/2023

The relationships between acute changes in markers of bone formation and resorption in response to LEA and long-term bone health are unclear. Sustained and localized acceleration of bone remodeling may play a role in the pathogenesis of bone stress injury in athletes [82, 83]. However, bone (re)modeling markers are typically measured systemically and, therefore, any change in the balance of such markers does not necessarily reflect a change in bone remodeling at a specific site. Accordingly, prospective research has shown no significant differences in bone (re)modeling markers between athletes and military recruits who suffered a stress fracture and those who did not [84, 85]. It is commonly reported that a reduction in bone resorption leads to long-term bone accrual; however, in an individual bone remodeling unit, resorptive osteoclast cells initiate the remodeling cycle and precede bone formation [86]. Thus, suppression of resorption might actually inhibit adaptation [87]. Although the acute effects of LEA on bone (re)modeling markers cannot yet be interpreted in terms of long-term bone health, it is reasonable to assume that preventing the acute effects from occurring would be beneficial given that evidence suggests the long-term effect of LEA is detrimental to bone structure, strength and stress injury risk.

These findings show that LEA suppresses markers of bone formation within five days in active females and male WBEA. Fema...
11/02/2023

These findings show that LEA suppresses markers of bone formation within five days in active females and male WBEA. Females appear to respond with greater sensitivity than males, which suggests that markers of bone formation may also be suppressed in female WBEA in response to LEA, at least to a similar extent as in male WBEA. In male WBEA, it is possible that markers of bone resorption may only increase if LEA persists for longer than five days. Conversely, markers of bone resorption are increased in response to LEA in active females within five days, but only following LEA of greater duration or severity than is required to suppress markers of bone formation. This implies bone formation is more acutely affected by LEA than bone resorption which may lead to net bone breakdown. Due to a lack of evidence, it remains unclear whether the effect on bone resorption is the same in female athletes versus physically active women. Furthermore, in all studies that restrict energy availability, the availability of at least one of the macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein or fat) is inevitably reduced in the restricted condition and it has been shown that β-CTX is increased independent of energy availability in situations of reduced carbohydrate availability [81]. The contribution of reduced macronutrient availability to the effects described could not be determined.

Participation in ultra-endurance running (UER) events continues to grow across ages, including youth athletes. The 50- a...
08/02/2023

Participation in ultra-endurance running (UER) events continues to grow across ages, including youth athletes. The 50- and 100-km are the most popular distances among youth athletes. Most youth athletes are between 16–18 years; however, some runners younger than 12 years have successfully completed UER events. Parents, athletes, coaches, race directors, and medical professionals often seek advice regarding the safety of youth athletes participating in these events, especially with regard to potential short and long-term health consequences. UER may impact key organ systems during growth and development. We propose a decision-making process, based on current knowledge and the experience of the consensus group that addresses age regulations, medical and psychological well-being, training status and race-specific factors (such as distance, elevation change, remoteness, ambient temperatures, level of medical assistance, and type of provisions provided by the race organizers) to use until evidence of long-term consequences of UER in youth athletes is available. These recommendations are aimed at safe participation in UER events for youth athletes with a proper and individualized assessment.

Resistance training (RT) is a fundamental component of exercise prescription aimed at improving overall health and funct...
08/02/2023

Resistance training (RT) is a fundamental component of exercise prescription aimed at improving overall health and function. RT techniques such as cluster set (CS) configurations, characterized by additional short intra-set or inter-repetition rest intervals, have been shown to maintain acute muscular force, velocity, and ‘power’ outputs across a RT session, and facilitate positive longer-term neuromuscular adaptations. However, to date CS have mainly been explored from a human performance perspective despite potential for application in health and clinical exercise settings. Therefore, this current opinion piece aims to highlight emerging evidence and provide a rationale for why CS may be an advantageous RT technique for older adults, and across several neurological, neuromuscular, cardiovascular and pulmonary settings. Specifically, CS may minimize acute fatigue and adverse physiologic responses, improve patient tolerance of RT and promote functional adaptations (i.e., force, velocity, and power). Moreover, we propose that CS may be a particularly useful exercise rehabilitation technique where injury or illness, persistent fatigue, weakness and dysfunction exist. We further suggest that CS offer an alternative RT strategy that can be easily implemented alongside existing exercise/rehabilitation programs requiring no extra cost, minimal upskilling and/or time commitment for the patient and professional. In light of the emerging evidence and likely efficacy in clinical exercise practice, future research should move toward further direct investigation of CS-based RT in a variety of adverse health conditions and across the lifespan given the already demonstrated benefits in healthy populations.

08/02/2023

Силовая йога — один из последних трендов фитнеса. Пожалуй, не найдется сейчас такого спортивного клуба, где не было бы зала для йоги. При этом направление используется не только, и не столько для духовной практики, сколько для укрепления мышц и даже… похудения. Но действительно ли занятия йогой помогают сбросить лишний вес или это маркетинговый ход фитнес-клубов для привлечения клиентов?

08/02/2023

Согласно Большой Советской энциклопедии под термином йога понимается учение и метод управления психикой и психофизиологией человека в целях достижения высших психических состояний. Само слово "йога" в переводе с санскрита означает буквально "связь, единение, сосредоточение, усилие".

There is some evidence suggesting an increased prevalence of heat illness associated with sport and activity in youth at...
05/02/2023

There is some evidence suggesting an increased prevalence of heat illness associated with sport and activity in youth athletes [78]. Heat illness may be influenced by poor hydration status along with other factors such as undue physical exertion, insufficient cooling between exercise bouts and inappropriate choices of clothing, including uniforms. Unfortunately, there is no evidence to determine the extent to which (if at all) fluid intake may modulate the risk of heat illness in adolescent athletes. This is because fluid monitoring studies on children and adolescents at risk of heat illness are scarce and often fail to report participants who actually experience heat illnesses [79]. In contrast, field studies [80] and large cohort investigations [75] indicate that trained adolescent athletes can experience significant deficits in fluid (> 4% body weight) and high sweat rates (≤ 2.16 L/h), respectively, in response to exercise. Fluid shifts of this magnitude have the potential to induce signs/symptoms of hypohydration and affect exercise performance. Consequently, fluid intake guidelines for young athletes [81, 82] are similar to those recommended for adults [83]. This advice includes commencing exercise well-hydrated, developing individualised drinking plans (refined regularly during puberty to accommodate changes in sweat rate), limiting body mass losses during activity to ≤ 2% from pre-exercise values and avoiding weight gain. In general, fluid intakes of 13 mL/kg per hour of exercise should be sufficient to avoid significant fluid deficits in developing athletes

Young individuals appear to have similar capacity to adults to deal with thermal loads and exercise tolerance time durin...
05/02/2023

Young individuals appear to have similar capacity to adults to deal with thermal loads and exercise tolerance time during exercise in the heat [72, 73]; however, the mechanisms by which young individuals dissipate heat loads during exercise differ from those of adults [73, 74]. Children and adolescents appear to rely more on peripheral blood redistribution (radiative and conductive cooling) rather than sweating (evaporative cooling) to maintain thermal equilibrium [74, 75]. There is also evidence that adolescents who undertake regular training adapt by enhanced peripheral vasodilation [76], which is likely to improve non-evaporative cooling. While the timing of the transition from child-like to adult-like thermoregulatory mechanism is likely to be related to pubertal development, it appears that these changes do not become physiologically evident until puberty has been completed

05/02/2023

Спортсменка дуже багато уваги приділяє своїм соцмережам

05/02/2023

Відома оцінка українця за поєдинок з Валенсією

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