Physical Education and Sports

15/06/2025

A reflex action is an and movement in response to a stimulus. It's a , response.
Key characteristics of reflex actions:

: They occur without conscious thought or control.

: Many reflex actions are d
esigned to protect the body from
injury or harm.
Mediated by the nervous system: They involve a called the .

Components of a reflex arc:

: Detects the stimulus ( heat,
pain, pressure).
: Carries the signal from
the receptor to the spinal cord or
brainstem.
(in some reflexes): A neuron
within the spinal cord that relays the
signal.
: Carries the signal from the
spinal cord to the effector.
: The muscle or gland that carries
out the response.

of reflex actions:
: Pulling your hand away
from a hot object.
: The involuntary kicking
motion when the tendon below the
kneecap is tapped.
: Closing your eyes to
protect them from dust or bright light.
: The constriction of the
pupil in response to bright light.

Reflex actions are essential for survival and are a fundamental part of how the .

14/06/2025

14/06/2025

The fundamental unit of .
2 type classification of neurons
&
Functional basis of Neuron:-

: Carry signals from
sensory receptors to the central
nervous system, allowing us to
perceive the environment.
: Carry signals from the
central nervous system to muscles
and glands, enabling movement and
other bodily functions.
: Connect sensory and motor
neurons within the central nervous
system, facilitating complex neural
pathways.

#ध्येयPET

13/06/2025

There are three main parts:

(Soma):This is the
of the neuron, containing the nucleus
and other organelles. manages its
overall function.
: These are branching
extensions that extend from the cell
body & act as antennas
for signals from other neurons.
: This is a long,
that extends from the cell body and
transmits signals to other ,
, or .

10/06/2025

:
A Distinction Between
&

fitness components
cardiovascular endurance, strength,
endurance, flexibility, body composition
fitness components
agility, balance, coordination, speed,
power, and reaction time

10/06/2025

The aspects of that contribute to athletic and the ability to perform . These components are :

: The ability to
quickly and efficiently while maintaining
balance.
: The ability to maintain
equilibrium, both while moving and
stationary.
: The ability to perform
complex movements smoothly and
accurately, involving both hand-eye and
foot-eye coordination.
: The ability to exert force quickly
and explosively, often involving a
combination of strength and speed.
: The time it takes to respond
to a stimulus, crucial for anticipating and
reacting to events.
: The ability to move quickly over a
certain distance.

09/06/2025

:

Health-related fitness is a state of physical that enhances an individual's quality of life by improving their to perform daily tasks and reduce the risk of health problems.

Endurance: The ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to the working muscles during sustained activity.

: The maximum force a muscle can exert in one single effort.

: The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to exert force repeatedly over time.

: The range of motion in a joint or group of joints.

: The proportion of fat-free mass to fat mass (like muscle & bone) in the body.

24/04/2025