20/05/2026
The UKTRA Committe suggested that Umpires (and Competitors) might appreciate some guidance on Rule 42. This is what the World Sailing Team Racing Umpire Manual has to say on the subject:-
9.2 Breach of Rule 42 - rule D2.3(a)
An umpire should penalize a boat that breaks rule 42 and does not take a penalty. In team racing, firm enforcement of rule 42 by umpires is important because:
a. it permits fair racing in very light winds, which often enables races and event schedules to be completed that otherwise would not be;
b. it ensures places are not gained, and races are not won, through illegal actions;
c. it indicates that the umpires will enforce the rules firmly and fairly.
The small number of boats means enforcement can be thorough. Umpires should give particular attention to rule 42 at the start of a day, and when the wind drops.
Most breaches will be single actions that propel a boat, breaking rule 42.1, seen by just one umpire. However it is usually possible for both umpires to watch the next tack or gybe of a boat that may be rolling more than permitted by rule 42.3 (a) or (b).
Some Rule 42 breaches are more likely at particular times in a race:
a. before the start, a slow moving boat rolls or body pumps once and accelerates;
b. before the start, a boat sculls below close-hauled, or in both directions;
c. at the start, a boat rolls once and accelerates;
d. in light wind on windward legs, a boat tacks and accelerates or tacks repeatedly;
e. before the start or on a windward leg, a boat roll-tacks twice without reaching close-hauled between the two tacks. This breaks rule 42.2(b)(1) Rocking as the roll-tack exception in 42.3(b) only applies if the boat completes her tack;
f. on a windward leg, a leeward boat rocks or pumps when trying to luff a windward boat towards head-to-wind;
g. when sailing slowly after a mark trap, a boat sculls to bear away at a mark;
h. while taking a penalty, a boat sculls;
i. on a reach, a boat pumps or rolls once to establish or break an overlap
;j. on downwind legs, a boat gybes and accelerates, or gybes repeatedly.
The full Manual can be found at:-