18/02/2022
Ego Depletion = Expectancies
Ego Depletion = Physiological markers
What is ego depletion?
Ego depletion results when someone repeatedly exerts self-control on given or multiple tasks. All use self-regulatory resources to manage emotions, thoughts, behaviours, combat urges, resist temptations, or change behaviours. That is self-control.
Self-control is a psychological mechanism that allows us to inhibit, stop or override emotions or change behaviours, moods and thoughts to reach our long term goals. However, prolonged use of self-control may lead to burnout and subsequently cause ego depletion. The consequence of ego depletion is when there is a loss of self-control, the effects spill over to many domains. For instance, dieters who have a restrictive diet eat more when depleted. Social drinkers consumed more alcohol after a difficult day where they exerted self-control.
Similarly, performing complex cognitive tasks, such as math, changing one's behaviour to improve health, have been found to be depleting. Research suggests that Depletion does not affect intentions to act but instead leads to reduce behaviours. The perception of time changes, there is an increased motivation for short-term rewards, which hampers the ability to resist temptation.
However, ego depletion operates in two ways. One focuses on motivation or expectations, suggesting that people have certain beliefs on how self-control works. Managing expectations setting realistic ones seems to help alleviate burnout and ego depletion symptoms. Another way is implementation intentions, automatizing behaviours. "As soon as I feel stressed, I will do some breathing exercises to calm down."
Physiological markers are also essential when it comes to self-control. Recent evidence links self-regulatory resources with the molecule glucose. The brain uses glucose for several cognitive tasks, critical thinking, decision making, reasoning etc. And the central nervous system, prolonged activity in the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight response) depletes someone's resources. Therefore, rest and replenishment are essential.