08/22/2026
I read, although I did not finish yet, an article on Sangen Kai’s page about the use of the elbow, and its misunderstanding in aikido.
I have had this argument before on a Yoshinkan aikido page, which I no longer belong to, about this very thing, our misunderstanding of hiriki no yosei 肘力の養成 (elbow power). The kanji currently used for elbow is 肘, the kanji used by Inoue Kyoichi in his book was was 臂 which has a different implication.
I was told by a Japanese member that I was making to much of the kanji. Just do elbow power! I disagree, and that’s still after 32 years of Yoshinkan!
Here is a breakdown of what Inoue sensei wrote about, and he was the first generation of yudansha under Shioda sensei, and since we have not reproduced the level of Shioda sensei or Inoue sensei, maybe we had better reexamine our understanding!
Inoue Kyoichi used the kanji 臂力の養成 for "hiriki no yosei" (meaning the cultivation or training of arm/elbow power) in his Yoshinkan aikido instructional curricula and media.
Breakdown of the Kanji
* 臂 (hiri): Refers to the arm, specifically from the shoulder to the hand or the upper arm/elbow area used in sword-handling principles.
* 力 (ki/chikara): Power or strength.
* の (no): Possessive particle.
* 養成 (yōsei): Training, development, or fostering
The Chinese character 臂 (bì) means the arm, specifically the entire upper limb from the shoulder down to the wrist.
Role in Aikido Internal Power
* Tegatana (Hand-Sword): The arm functions as an extension of the core (hara) rather than a tool driven by isolated shoulder or bicep strength.
* Connection and Structure: Practitioners train the arm to remain "unbendable" through relaxed, aligned skeletal and fascial tension instead of muscular stiffness.
* Power Transmission: Internal power (kokyu-ryoku) relies on the arm acting as a conduit to channel ground reaction forces and core rotation directly into an opponent's point of contact.