07/10/2025
The History of Tsukimi: Japan’s Timeless Tradition of Moon Viewing
The moon has captivated humans since the dawn of our existence, and Japan has partaken in lunar reverence for centuries. Japan’s tradition of tsukimi (or otsukimi), which literally means moon-viewing, commonly occurs during the full moon in September. People, often dressed in a yukata, gather at moon-viewing points, eat mochi and partake in all kinds of autumnal activity. The purpose of tsukimi is to show appreciation for the year’s harvest and to pray for a safe winter ahead. The custom of appreciating the otsukisama dates back over 1,000 years in Japan, and is still a thoroughly-enjoyed festival in Japan to welcome fall.
The official celebration of tsukimi happens during the full moon in September. It became an official event during the Heian period (794–1185), when Japanese aristocrats were inspired by the Tang Dynasty’s moon-viewing customs. They would host moonlit parties with music and poetry, taking boats out at night to see the moon’s reflection on the water. During this time, tsukimi was held on the 13th night of the eighth month, the night of the full moon on the old lunar calendar.
Over time, tsukimi became popular with all kinds of people, not just aristocrats. Throughout the Edo period (1603–1868), the festival became linked with autumnal traditions like giving thanks for a good harvest and praying for another fruitful year ahead. As the calendar changed in 1683, the festival date moved to the 15th. Now, the festival’s date depends on the lunar calendar, but it usually happens in September, the best time to catch the full moon.
Many western countries say that there is a print of a man on the moon, but Japanese people grew up hearing that there are two rabbits pounding mochi on the moon. This mythology is also a play on words, as mochizuki is another word for full moon, but it also sounds like the phrase for pounding mochi. Rabbits are also considered to be creatures that ward off evil spirits, and a lot of rabbit imagery is used during tsukimi season festivities.
There are many ways to enjoy tsukimi. Many restaurants serve dishes using seasonal ingredients and moon or rabbit-themed foods to get in the spirit of autumnal moon-viewing.
To celebrate tsukimi, though, all you truly need is the full moon and a pair of eyes. Grab some mochi and your favorite people and look up – you’re already celebrating tsukimi.