14/12/2019
Tongbiquan
Today there are many Chinese styles sharing the name of Tongbiquan. Many of them have origins in Shaolin Monastery, but have developed externally, changing with the style of the local people from region to region. While those styles are not what is taught or practiced in Shaolin Monastery today, they can still be called Shaolin styles. However, they are visually different but easily distinguishable from Shaolin Monastery Tongbiquan.
The Shaolin Tongbi subsystem includes several boxing sets. For example, Small Full-Arm Boxing Xiǎotōngbìquán 小通臂拳) and Large Full-Arm Boxing ( Dàtōngbìquán 大通臂拳). Further, there are distinct flavors of Tongbiquan practiced by the monks of the different courtyards of Shaolin Monastery. Ven. Master Shi Suxi (释素喜) was family-head of the Southern Courtyard (Nányuàn 南院), which has its unique flavor of Tongbi boxing sets, referred to as Southern Courtyard Full-Arm Boxing (Nányuàn Tōngbìquán 南院通臂拳).
Full-Arm Boxing
The name Tongbi (通臂) is sometimes easily confused with other Chinese styles called Tōngbèi (通背). In these styles, Tong (通) means "to pass through". Bei (背) means "the back" (of the body). The name describes how the energy is sent through the body passing "through-the-back", spiraling out from the spine.
Shaolin Tongbi not only has a different concept, but also different characters. In this case, the character Bì (臂), meaning "arm", is used. It can sometimes be pronounced bèi, which easily leads to confusion of the styles if the characters are not known. Furthermore, in Shaolin Tongbiquan, Tong (通) carries the meaning of the Chinese word tōngtong (通通). It is simply the character meaning "to pass through" doubled. The meaning of this word is "all", "entire", "complete", or "full".
Shaolin Tongbiquan is a type of Xiàngxíngquán 象形拳). Xiàngxíngquán Boxing usually refers to boxing styles that imitate the actions and mannerisms of animals. Shaolin Tongbiquan is the only type of Xiàngxíngquán that belongs to the non-Xiàngxíngquán styles of Shaolin. It was created according to the long arms of monkeys. However, it only takes over the spirit rather than the form of monkeys. It is therefore not an imitative style in form, only in use. The monkey uses the entire length of their arms so that is what is meant by "full-arm".
Shaolin Tongbiquan sets were created based on three foundations, Shaolin small flood boxing (Xiǎohóngquán 小洪拳), large flood boxing (Dàhóngquán 大洪拳) and Monkey Boxing (Hóuquán 猴拳). Elements of each can be found in the Tongbiquan sets.
Datongbiquan Mnemonic
Shaolin Datongbiquan is the most widely practiced set from the Shaolin Tongbi subsystem. The names of several movements in the set come from common Chinese idioms, or have Buddhist significance. For example, èrláng dānshān 二郎担山). Erlang is a very powerful Chinese god who is said to be able to defeat any opponent while carrying a mountain on each arm. This is the posture which in other sets is commonly called "bow step single whip" (gōngbù dānbiān 弓步单鞭), standing in gong bu with one arm to the front, and one to the back in a straight line. When performing this posture one takes on the power of Erlang. Extended into daily life and practice, one develops the energy to tackle any obstacle while carrying two mountains.
Many people ask why shaolin warrior monks (wǔsēng 武僧) practice such violent techniques when there are more peaceful exercises that can be done. Why punching and kicking?
Basically shaolin wu gong is only as dangerous as one's state of mind. As John Milton said in Paradise Lost in 1666; "The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven." Harmfulness comes from the confused mind. "Violent" and "pacifist" are states of mind . When one understands this, punches and kicks are too just states of mind, it is your intention that makes something of nothing . When the seeing is faulty they can be solidified and made harmful, this is a huge mistake. That is why traditionally a student of Shaolin is instructed in Warrior Ethics (Wǔdé 武德) before ever being trained physically, and must study the Buddha dharma (Fófǎ 佛法).