01/11/2023
Oxygen, the older grapplers advantage.
Along my journey training Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, I have had many instances of what you might call “AH-HA” moments. None has been so profoundly beneficial to my BJJ education, as the practical use and preservation of oxygen, during rolling.
Regardless of your age, you need sufficient oxygen to power your brain and muscle mass. Many will tell you that instinct will eventually kick in when all else fails, but experience dictates that low oxygen levels in the body in general, can cause a slew of problems, beyond just getting tired.
As we age, we lose our maximum sustainable heart rate. The curve on this can vary, but at my age (57), I am lucky to see my heart rate ever hit a sustained 160 bpm. This can be a real handicap for the older grapplers, if not accounted for and dealt with properly.
The general rule of thumb seems to be, we all start at 220 bpm as a child and lose one sustainable beat per minute for each year of age. With most experts recommending that we not attempt to exceed 90% of this figure, during training.
To put this into perspective, the less beats of the heart, the lower the blood flow potential and thus the less usable oxygen reaching the needed organs and muscles. Breathing faster does little to improve things, if the heart rate just isn’t keeping up with the oxygen supply. Compounding this issue, is the added handicap of tired and restricted blood vessels and arteries.
If you break down the science behind this, you eventually discover “flight or fight”, which exposes some additional less known, but extremely important issues.
When our body or brain perceives we are in severe danger, electrical signals from the body and brain fire off a chain reaction. This reaction triggers the release of hormones and sends systems into panic/preservation mode. One of these hormones is Cortisol. While it has many benefits, the body’s reaction to its presence, can also be detrimental to one’s ability to perform in a grappling match. Cortisol has many functions, one of which is prepping the body for a life-threatening event. The presence of cortisol in the body, triggers a stress mode, which in turn lights up chemical and physiological responses in the body. From the perspective of the older grappler, oxygen is already less available and even more critical to manage. Flight or fight mode has its advantages, but it really is not programmed for grappling. Once your body activates fight or flight mode, switches throughout the body activate and certain safety measures kick in. For grappling in general, we are concerned about one particularly significant switch, that trips and triggers the blood vessels and arteries to constrict, in preparation for a potentially severe laceration or loss of a limb.
Let us consider this for a moment. If a predator attacks and severs a limb, reducing blood flow could be the difference between life and death. It does makes sense, but if the blood flow was not as restricted, perhaps the predator would not have caught us in the first place. Increased blood flow may also be the difference between rational thought and problem solving, versus the instinct to run, potentially exposing us to even greater vulnerability. Increased blood flow allows muscle groups to perform at a much higher level, potentially enabling a more likely escape. So a proper balance is needed.
The next problem with the fight or flight response and the added levels of cortisol, is the collection of blood volume. You read that right, the body pulls as much volume of blood to your core as possible, to protect you from bleeding out completely from that lost limb or laceration. Limbs hold a large amount of blood to do their jobs and a loss of a limb could take with it, a large amount of critically needed blood supply.
So let us go over this again. If you get stressed enough, your body goes into fight or flight mode, chokes down your blood flow potential and by this action, reduces your oxygen carrying capacity. As the blood vessels and arteries constrict, it also hordes as much of the blood volume as possible into your core, so if you do lose a limb, you won’t die right away. It also starves out your muscles of much needed oxygen and in effect, causes the very issue it was programmed to protect you from, your capture and likely dismemberment. Perhaps 10,000 years ago, predators only ate one limb and let you live. One thing is for certain, these basic mechanics handicap everyone, but older grapplers are even more disadvantaged by the mechanical self-preservation safety net of fight or flight.
Flight or flight can be conditioned to only trigger from extreme circumstances, with proper knowledge and training. If you regularly experience being smashed on the mat by bigger, stronger, faster grapplers, you either adapt or tap. The time it takes to train the body to adapt and stop overreacting to this type of stress varies from person to person. One advantage we have as older grappler’s, is patience. While it is true that younger people can also be trained for this, older people tend to have less impulse and are not as quickly steered into matching force with force and speed with speed. Controlling your reaction to an opponent takes some practice, but in my experience, it is far easier to master controlling this aspect of my game, than it is to build up my body up to meet the forces and speeds of the younger opponent.
Here comes the science and the home work.
I have personally studied this concept during rolling many times, using a Polar H10 Chest band on both myself and opponents. The results are always pretty consistent, with age and experience being major factors in the results. One recent test, of 10 x 5 minute rolls, against a black belt age 36, weighing 200+ lbs with good physical conditioning and myself, a brown belt age 57 weighing 207 lbs, with good physical conditioning, proved the science once again.
While all rolls were at full resistance and neither of us successfully pulled off a single submission, regardless of our attempts, the younger black belt used considerably more aggression and energy, measuring 1225 calories burned and an average heart rate of 180 bpm and a maximum heart rate of 193 bpm (well beyond recommended levels). I measured only 487 calories burned and a maximum heart rate of 142 bpm and an average heart rate of 124 bpm. After all ten rounds were completed, the black belt was completely exhausted and could no longer continue, while I was able to roll a further five rounds, before running out of opponents. In a discussion afterwards, the black belt believed I had better cardio than him, but the data doesn't lie. In his elevated state of aggression, his body flooded him with cortisol. The resulting cascade of effects impaired his performance and dramatically overworked his body. Skill levels aside, if you can't fully fuel the engine, it matters very little, how big, strong or even advanced the engine is.
I have done this test many times and the results are always similar. My wife also wears the Polar H10 during training and her results bare out the same. As an older grappler we are capped in or maximum performance, but experience and wisdom can make a huge difference between being destroyed on the mat and dominating it.
So how do we control our bodies to prevent the cortisol dump from occurring?
Here are a few pointers that work for me:
#1 Low levels of oxygen cause irrational thinking, so always protect your breathing. If you are being smashed, work on to your side. If it seems impossible to get off your back, at least put both feet as close to your butt as possible and elevate your back off the mat, by lifting with your hips and core. You will be pleasantly surprised how easily you can lift even a giant and safely begin breathing again.
#2 Keep your limbs in tight to the body. Unless you are attacking, escaping, or performing a “Wet Willey” maneuver, try to always keep both arms in tight and close to each other. Separating your arms is a primary goal of any aggressor, so make that job as hard on them as possible.
#3 When on the bottom, stay on your side whenever possible. The mat offers your opponents on top, added stability. Being flat on your back, makes it easier for them to reach the mat and use both the mat and you as base point’s. Getting on your side, forces them to maintain their own base and compromises their stability. Maintaining their balance and control, while you are on your side, is much harder for them. Switching from one side to other as they attempt to progress, is low energy consumption for you and screws up most of their attacks.
#4 Stay calm. Do not let them set the pace or increase the pace. Good oxygen flow is only maintained while you are calm. When the brain is fully oxygenated, you have better potential for rational thought. Use your brain more and body less, by evaluating the situation and reacting accordingly, instead of impulsively. The moment you let impulse take over, you switch to fight or flight mode and your oxygen potential drops quickly.
#5 Shelter in a safe place when oxygen is low. If you have exhausted yourself by escaping, attacking or some other exercise in futility, find a safe position to regain your oxygen. Oxygen recovery is priority one.
There are tools for measuring heart rate and oxygen saturation, such as a Polar H10 band, or others, which you can use to track your performance, but overall, the best indicator of success in this practice, is how hard you are breathing when a match ends. If you are completely exhausted, you probably are not using your resources effectively and you’ll likely recall having lost your calm during the roll and your energy as a result.
This takes time to understand and put to practice, but as an older grappler, this will give you the edge you need to stay ahead. Denying your opponent’s, the luxury of oxygen is a great strategy in BJJ and highly effective at all skill levels. You can find creative ways to cause your opponents to enter “fight or flight mode” and chuckle as their lights burn out, without their much needed oxygen supply. While you may not be able to see their oxygen levels or calculate how much cortisol is flowing in their body, you can feel it in their energy levels and hear it in their breathing.
Interestingly enough, I find that I most successfully teach this theory to older grapplers, who have sufficient experience to understand the difference between a real threat and a perceived threat, during a roll. If you aren’t that experienced, but have this knowledge and put into practice, you may just cut your learning curve considerably and start enjoying destroying young impulsive monsters, as much as I do.
Learn to master your calm and upset your opponents calm during rolls and you will dominate.
It’s not who’s the best, it’s who’s left. To be the one left in the end, you need to arm yourself with the best knowledge.
See you on the mat – Angry Old Goat.