15/12/2025
Whether you’re a snorkeler wanting to duck-dive a few metres, a spearo chasing fish, or a freediver aiming for a new PB, equalisation is the thing that decides how far you can go. No equalisation = No depth.
So what is equalisation, and why does it matter so much?
As we descend, water pressure increases and compresses our body. We typically feel this in the bodies airspaces:
Ears
Sinuses
Mask
At first it’s uncomfortable. If you keep going, it becomes painful. Push past that and you’re putting yourself at real risk of injury.
Equalising is simply the act of adding air back into these spaces to restore the volume of air to get rid of this discomfort.
The two most common techniques are Valsalva and Frenzel.
Valsalva is a pressure manoeuvre. You pinch your nose and try to exhale. The pressure forces air into the middle ear, creating that familiar popping sensation.
This works well enough for casual snorkeling, but it’s inefficient and, for most people, stops working somewhere around 5 to 10 metres.
Frenzel is different. Instead of exhaling, you use your tongue and mouth to generate pressure in a much more targeted way.
Once it’s learned, Frenzel feels easier, more controlled, and far more effective. Most divers can use it comfortably to 30 to 40 metres, and experienced freedivers can go well beyond that.
This is why Frenzel is the preferred equalisation method in freediving and spearfishing.
But Frenzel can be hard to learn.
Frenzel isn’t difficult because it’s complex. It’s difficult because it requires control and in order to develop that, it requires awareness.
You’re learning to control:
The jaw
The cheeks
The tongue
The soft palate
The glottis
That’s five different structures, all being coordinated and controlled to equalise the entire time you’re descending.
It’s a bit like juggling. Hand someone five balls and ask them to juggle and most people won’t get far. Teach them how to control one ball at a time, then progressively add more, and it suddenly becomes manageable.
Equalisation works the same way. Break it down, train the parts, and give it time. When it clicks, depth opens up in a way that feels effortless.
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