Center for International Strategic Studies

Center for International Strategic Studies CISS conducts policy research, analyses, & outreach highlighting regional & global strategic issues

MISSION STATEMENT
To conduct policy research, analysis and advocacy and highlight the evolving regional and global strategic issues to promote peace and stability. OBJECTIVES
* Promote the national perspective on key domestic, regional and international issues through research and outreach.
* Seek collaborations with relevant national and international policy institutes for the exchange of ideas

and knowledge.
* Function as a reliable source of strategic communication, data and analysis.
* Facilitate capacity-building through mentorship, training, and internship programs.
* Provide a conducive research environment to Visiting Scholars aimed at building perceptions and connecting shared knowledge-based interests. RESEARCH AREAS
* Strategic stability, deterrence and nuclear policy.
* Linkages of geopolitics and geoeconomics with strategic stability.
* Arms control, disarmament, and nuclear nonproliferation.
* Nuclear diplomacy and strategic export control regimes.
* Emerging technologies and cyberspace.
* Nuclear safety and security.

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐š๐ค๐ค๐š๐ก ๐€๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐Œ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‘๐ž๐ ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ- Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Tรผrkiye entered the...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐š๐ค๐ค๐š๐ก ๐€๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐Œ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‘๐ž๐ ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ

- Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Tรผrkiye entered the Makkah Agreement with established military relationships and regular defence contacts. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have conducted several bilateral exercise series, including Al-Samsaam and Al-Kassa, focused on counterterrorism, urban operations, route clearance and counter-IED training. In November 2025, personnel from Pakistanโ€™s Special Services Group and Saudi forces also conducted the Al Battar-II exercise in Tabuk.

- Their defence relationship is further supported by longstanding training programmes, military exchanges and high-level military contacts. Pakistanโ€™s wider role in regional security is also reflected in the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC), headquartered in Riyadh. Since 2017, the coalition has been led by former Pakistan Army Chief General Raheel Sharif, a retired four-star general.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Syed Ali Abbas

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/the-makkah-agreement-and-a-new-model-of-regional-security/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก | ๐๐š๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐งโ€™๐ฌ ๐’๐ฉ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐ง๐š๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐€ ๐๐š๐ญ๐ก๐ฐ๐š๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐‚๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž- Space technologies are being used as an im...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก | ๐๐š๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐งโ€™๐ฌ ๐’๐ฉ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐ง๐š๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐€ ๐๐š๐ญ๐ก๐ฐ๐š๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐‚๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž

- Space technologies are being used as an important tool to tackle climate crises in the pre- and post-disaster management phases. This paper investigates the potential impact of Pakistanโ€™s space programme renaissance on increasing national climate resilience. This study uses an exploratory research design and qualitative methods, based on both primary and secondary data that are thematically analysed. This study employs the theoretical lens of technological determinism, which argues that technological innovation acts as the principal driver of social, political, and environmental transformation. It finds that Pakistanโ€™s expanding space based infrastructure has strengthened anticipatory climate governance, particularly through near-real-time flood mapping, NDMA early warning reports, and the SACRED-SUPARCO disaster portal.

- The integration of domestic satellite data along with international imagery has expanded spatial coverage of climate-vulnerable regions, though continued dependence on foreign data highlights a partial capability gap. Overall, while Pakistanโ€™s technological capacity for climate monitoring has advanced considerably, institutional coordination and absorption capacity continue to shape the effectiveness of space-based contributions to climate resilience.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Areesha Manzoor

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/pakistans-space-renaissancea-pathway-to-climate-resilience/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐๐จ๐จ๐ค ๐‘๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ž๐ฐ | ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ: ๐‘๐ž๐›๐š๐ฅ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐–๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐ ๐Ž๐ซ๐๐ž๐ซThe book is divided into three parts and nine c...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐๐จ๐จ๐ค ๐‘๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ž๐ฐ | ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ: ๐‘๐ž๐›๐š๐ฅ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐–๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐ ๐Ž๐ซ๐๐ž๐ซ

The book is divided into three parts and nine chapters, framed by an introduction and a concluding chapter. The first part maps the changing course from a post-Cold War order to the current disorder. The author states that Western policies, ranging from the Iraq war to the 2008 financial crisis, eroded confidence in the liberal order, and the Ukrainian situation saw the further erosion of the order is due to Russiaโ€™s invasion of Ukraine. He also looks at the erosion of multilateral institutions and questions whether the international system, led by the United Nations (UN), is growing weaker due to an increase of regionalization, institutional proliferation, and lack of trust.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Amna Saqib

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/book-review-the-triangle-of-power-rebalancing-the-new-world-order/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐Œ๐ž๐œ๐œ๐š ๐ƒ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐๐š๐œ๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐€๐“๐Ž- Islamabad and Riyadh had already signed a Strategic ...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐Œ๐ž๐œ๐œ๐š ๐ƒ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐๐š๐œ๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐€๐“๐Ž

- Islamabad and Riyadh had already signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement last year, and with the inclusion of Turkey, the bandwidth of the alliance has been widened, augmenting the collective strength of these three states into a formidable force in the region. At the heart of this tri-lateral defense agreement lies the complementary strength of Saudiโ€™s capital, Turkiyeโ€™s technological advancement and Pakistanโ€™s outstanding military power, placing collective defence at the centre of this tri-lateral arrangement.

- Though the Turkish Foreign Minister described the mechanism of the mutual defense agreement as technically comparable to Article 5 of NATO; however, there is no provision in this framework that automatically translates military commitment of the sort people often imagine when they think of โ€œNATOโ€.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Nawal Nawaz

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/mecca-defense-pact-and-the-question-of-islamic-nato/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐’๐ข๐ง๐จ-๐๐š๐ค ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฉ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‰-๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ“ ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐š๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐งThe prospective transfer of the...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐’๐ข๐ง๐จ-๐๐š๐ค ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฉ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‰-๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ“ ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐š๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง

The prospective transfer of the J-35 should instead be viewed in light of the evolution of the Chinaโ€“Pakistan strategic partnership. Initially, the partnership focused on military equipment sales; however, it now includes joint production projects, such as the JF-17 Thunder fighter aircraft, Tughril-class frigates, and Hangoor-class conventional attack submarines. Through these projects, Beijing has also helped Pakistan strengthen its indigenous defense industrial capabilities. Beyond this, Pakistanโ€™s acquisition of J-10 C multirole fighters, HQ-9 air defence systems, and PL-15 beyond visual range (BVR) air-to-air missiles points towards Islamabadโ€™s operationlisation of an increasingly interoperable Chinese-origin military ecosystem.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Abdul Moiz Khan

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/sino-pak-strategic-partnership-and-the-questions-of-j-35-sales-to-pakistan/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐„๐ฑ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐Ž๐“๐Ž๐‘ ๐‚๐‹๐€๐ ๐ˆ๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐’๐ฎ๐๐š๐ซ๐ฌ๐ก๐š๐ง ๐‚๐ก๐š๐ค๐ซ๐š: ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐š๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง- The article argues that the e...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐„๐ฑ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐Ž๐“๐Ž๐‘ ๐‚๐‹๐€๐ ๐ˆ๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐’๐ฎ๐๐š๐ซ๐ฌ๐ก๐š๐ง ๐‚๐ก๐š๐ค๐ซ๐š: ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐š๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง

- The article argues that the exercise is part of an attempt by the IAF to plug the loopholes exposed during Operation Sindoor, especially pertaining to the incursion of Pakistani drones deep into Indian Territory. This activity carries serious consequences for Pakistan, as it is linked to Indiaโ€™s attempt to establish a defensive shield against airborne objects, as evidenced by New Delhiโ€™s pledge to operationalize Mission Sudarshan Chakra.

- As its name suggests, it is not the first edition but the third, conducted by the IAF using its rotary assets to take out drones since India launched Operation Sindoor last year. This was not a usual activity for the IAF but rather a novel attempt to test and validate new warfighting tactics, techniques, and procedures, with a central focus on shooting down slow-moving airborne targets. The exercise involved rotary-wing platforms from the IAF fleet, including Apache, Prachand, Mi-25/35P, Rudra, and Mi-17V-5.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Abdul Moiz Khan

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/exercise-rotor-clap-iii-and-mission-sudarshan-chakra-options-for-pakistan/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ซ๐ ๐’๐ฉ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐€๐ ๐ž: ๐๐ซ๐จ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ญ, ๐๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ณ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง- Commercialization of space has many ...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ซ๐ ๐’๐ฉ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐€๐ ๐ž: ๐๐ซ๐จ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ญ, ๐๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ณ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง

- Commercialization of space has many security implications at the international level. Firstly, it has challenged states monopoly in outer space. Now, commercial actors play a consequential role in outer space politics. Secondly, there is a clear fusion of commercial and military space infrastructure. The most notable incident happened during Russiaโ€™s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. SpaceX deployed Starlink terminals within days, and the network quickly became a warfighting tool rather than a support service. Starlink provided imagery to Ukrainians that enabled battlefield communications, drone navigation, and artillery-targeting coordination. A Russian foreign ministry official threatened to attack commercial space systems like SpaceX and said that commercial satellite systems โ€œmay become a legitimate target for retaliation.โ€

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Areesha Manzoor

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/third-space-age-profit-power-and-the-perils-of-commercialization/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐‡๐จ๐ฐ ๐’๐š๐ฎ๐๐ข-๐”๐’ ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ซ ๐ƒ๐ž๐š๐ฅ ๐”๐ฌ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ซ ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐ž ๐„๐š๐ฌ๐ญ- The US-Saudi peaceful nuclear de...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐‡๐จ๐ฐ ๐’๐š๐ฎ๐๐ข-๐”๐’ ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ซ ๐ƒ๐ž๐š๐ฅ ๐”๐ฌ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ซ ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐ž ๐„๐š๐ฌ๐ญ

- The US-Saudi peaceful nuclear deal comes at a time when the global nuclear order is already eroding. As the international arms control architecture has already been dismantled following the erosion of the New START and the failure of the NPT review conference to meet its stipulated goals, the recent US-KSA peaceful nuclear deal will not bode well considering the aspiration of several other countries to acquire the same technology, let alone e the nuclear program of Iran. Moreover, this recent civil nuclear arrangement veers off the gold standard nuclear arrangement with the UAE, allowing KSA to reprocess nuclear waste and enrich uranium.

- Though the US administration has imposed strict inspection measures and non-proliferation mechanisms, critics believe that the chances of weapons-grade enrichment cannot be ruled out. With this deal, the United States will assist KSA in establishing a civil nuclear program; however, analysts believe that this bilateral arrangement could set off a regional arms race.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Nawal Nawaz

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/how-saudi-us-nuclear-deal-ushers-nuclear-competition-in-the-middle-east/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐…๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐–๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐จ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ: ๐‘๐ž๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ค๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐…๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐–๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐“๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ฒThe IWT was ag...
28/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง | ๐…๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐–๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐จ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ: ๐‘๐ž๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ค๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐…๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐–๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐“๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ฒ

The IWT was agreed upon to take care of the equitable utilisation of the Indus system and not be affected by the larger political differences between India and Pakistan. But it has slowly become a subject of geopolitical importance than water allocation. The treaty formed the Permanent Indus Commission, a set-up that institutionalised regular communication between two adversarial states, and a framework for dispute resolution. These mechanisms offered a consistent forum for technical cooperation, even in times of armed conflict and diplomatic impasse, and thus shielded water cooperation from broader political conflicts.

๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ: Shahwana Binte Sohail

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž: https://ciss.org.pk/from-water-sharing-to-strategic-stability-rethinking-the-future-of-the-indus-waters-treaty/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ก๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž | ๐‰๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”The CISS Monthly Perspective compiles articles published by CISS researchers. This e...
25/08/2026

๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’ ๐Œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ก๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž | ๐‰๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”

The CISS Monthly Perspective compiles articles published by CISS researchers. This edition brings together in-depth analyses produced throughout the month of July, offering valuable insights into regional and global strategic developments.

๐‘๐ž๐š๐ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐‰๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐„๐๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง: https://ciss.org.pk/ciss-monthly-perspective-july-2026/
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๐Ÿ”— ๐ก๐ญ๐ญ๐ฉ๐ฌ://๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ.๐จ๐ซ๐ .๐ฉ๐ค
๐Ÿ› ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐’๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
๐Ÿ“˜ ๐…๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐‚๐ˆ๐’๐’: ๐Ÿ | ๐— | ๐ข๐ง | ๐Ÿ“ธ | ๐Ÿ“ฑ

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