10/10/2025
A certain swordsman in his declining years said the following:
In oneโs life, there are levels in the pursuit of study. In the lowest level, a person studies but nothing comes of it, and he feels that both he and the others are unskilful. At this point he is worthless.
In the middle level, he is still useless but is aware of his own insufficiencies and can also see the insufficiencies of others.
In a higher level he has pride concerning his own ability, rejoices in praise from others, and laments the lack of ability in his fellows. This man has worth. In the highest level, a man has the look of knowing nothing.
These are the levels in general. But there is one transcending level, and this is the most excellent of all.
This person is aware of the endlessness of entering deeply into a certain Way* and never thinks of himself as having finished. He truly knows his own insufficiencies and never in his whole life thinks that he has succeeded.
He has no thoughts of pride but, with self-abasement, knows the Way to the end.
It is said that Master Yagyu** once remarked,
โI do not know the way to defeat others, but the way to defeat myself.โ
Throughout your life, advance daily, becoming more skilful than yesterday, more skilful than today. This is never-ending.
This is an extract from :
โHagakureโ โ โHidden by the Leavesโ
From the 1st Chapter page 26 of this volume.
The Book of the Samurai written by Yamamoto Tsunetomo in 1716.
*Way: Do can mean either a discipline, as in Kendo, โthe Way of the Swordโ, or the universal way of Taoism or Buddhism. There is often no clear distinction between the two, the idea being that the greater can be reached through the lesser.
**Yagyu Tajima no kami Munenori (1571-1646): Founder of the Yagyu school of swordsmanship, the official school of the Tokugawa shogunate.