29/11/2025
Why Are Schools Allowed to Direct Family Time Through Homework?
(A Key Stage 3 Reflection)
I’ve been thinking a lot about homework in Key Stage 3 — those in-between years of Year 7, 8 and 9 where children are no longer little, but also not yet in the thick of exam preparation. These are the years when identity forms rapidly, when friendships shift, when bodies change, when neurodivergence often becomes more visible, and when children desperately need space outside of school to rest, decompress and simply be.
And yet these are often the years where homework suddenly ramps up.
Which leads me to the same unsettling question:
Why are schools allowed to direct family time?
Homework doesn’t just fill an exercise book. It fills evenings. It shapes family routines, affects relationships, drains energy, and quietly occupies the hours young people need for regulating, relaxing, hobbies, downtime, socialising and sleep. For many families, homework becomes the nightly battle nobody asked for.
And we cannot ignore the research — because it doesn’t support the level of homework some Key Stage 3 pupils are being given.
Harris Cooper’s landmark meta-analysis from 2006 — still the most widely referenced homework research — showed that the academic benefits of homework increase only modestly in early secondary years, becoming more meaningful only as students approach public examination stages. In the same year, Cooper published The Battle Over Homework (2006), which reinforced that homework should be carefully balanced and purposeful, not excessive or routine for its own sake. His follow-up synthesis in 2009 highlighted that younger secondary students (Years 7–9) gain far less from homework than older teens.
The Education Endowment Foundation backs this up. Their 2018 Teaching & Learning Toolkit notes that homework in lower secondary provides only a “moderate impact” and that this impact relies heavily on the quality of tasks, not quantity. Busywork achieves little. Endless worksheets achieve nothing. Retrieval practice and well-structured tasks are *useful* — but only when thoughtfully designed.
International evidence mirrors these findings. The OECD’s PISA in Focus report from 2014 concluded that more homework does not reliably improve academic outcomes, and — crucially — that increasing homework often worsens inequalities, because some families can support it and others cannot.
So why, despite decades of research, are some schools increasing the homework load in Years 7, 8 and 9?
Because homework assumes a lot:
• that families have time and calm evenings
• that young people have emotional capacity left after school
• that neurodivergent pupils aren’t already burnt out from masking
• that parents can supervise, explain, motivate
• that home life is predictable and stable
• that every child thrives under additional pressure
But for many Key Stage 3 pupils, the school day itself is already long, intense, loud, demanding and socially exhausting. These children then go home with hours of homework that offer limited academic gain but significant emotional cost.
I absolutely appreciate the place of homework during GCSEs, National 5s, Highers and A levels. Revision, retrieval practice, extended writing and exam technique genuinely matter in those years.
But compulsory, high-volume homework for Years 7, 8 and 9? Homework that commands family evenings? Homework that puts pressure on homes and relationships?
I’m not convinced it’s evidence-informed, equitable or necessary.
Family time should belong to families.
Evenings should help young people reset from the day, not extend it.
And those middle years — the Key Stage 3 years where children are finding out who they are — deserve more freedom, not more pressure.
Maybe the real question we should be asking is:
What does a child in Year 7, 8 or 9 actually need after their school day has finished?
If the answer is rest, space, connection and recovery, then that is what we should be protecting.
Emma
The Autistic SENCo
♾️
Photo: Number 2 and 3 at the archives after a workshop about the Doomeday Book. A fascinating session that both boys still reference today.